Ecological Setting:
Broad distribution in western North America within boreal, montane, wet temperate and cool mesothermal climates (Klinka, et al. 1995). Occurrence decreases with elevation. Scattered in coniferous forests of drier sites, common on water-receiving (alluvial, floodplain and seepage) sites.
Soil Texture:
n/a
Nutrients:
Nitrogen rich soils (Klinka, et al. 1995).
Soil Reaction and Salinity:
n/a
Moisture Regime:
Moist to dry.
Shade Tolerance:
Sun to shade.
Successional Status:
n/a
BEC Zone and GOE Community Status:
n/a